It was Charles Mackay, the 19th-century Scottish journalist, who observed that men go mad in herds but only come to their senses one by one.

We are only at the beginning of the financial world coming to its senses after the bursting of the biggest credit bubble the world has seen. Everyone seems to acknowledge now that there will be lots of mortgage foreclosures and that house prices will fall nationally for the first time since the Great Depression. Some lenders and hedge funds have failed, while some banks have taken painful write-offs and fired executives. There’s even a growing recognition that a recession is over the horizon.

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WASHINGTON (AP) — The Federal Reserve, declaring that increased economic uncertainty poses risks for U.S. business growth, announced Friday that it has approved a half-percentage point cut in its discount rate on loans to banks.

The action was the most dramatic effort yet by the central bank to restore calm to global financial markets which have been roiled in the past week by a widening credit crisis.The decision means that the discount rate, the interest rate that the Fed charges to make direct loans to banks will be lowered to 5.75 percent, down from 6.25 percent.

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Last week the Dow Jones industrial average fell 4.2%, the steepest drop since March 2003. Financial shares took a beating on growing evidence that problems in the sub-prime mortgage market are spreading, making financing the corporate buy-outs that drove the market’s rally more difficult.

Many financial market participants are of the view that there is a definite deterioration in credit conditions, which means less liquidity for private equity, stock buy-backs, and business expansion. Fed officials, however, have downplayed this claim.

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"Only buy something that you’d be perfectly happy to hold if the market shut down for 10 years." ~ Warren Buffett

As we all know (or at least should know), the United States economy became imbalanced in the late-1990s as too much speculative capital surged into the Internet and Telecom sectors of the economy. As this speculative boom expanded, rising asset prices allowed the boom to move into the broader economy. Throughout the late-’90s, speculative funds and increased leverage played a primary role in the expansion of credit throughout the economy. If someone wanted cash and had a semi-viable story as to how he would pay it back, he could procure a loan or venture funds quite easily. This process played out throughout the economy, as consumers, businesses and every level of government piled into debt in order to finance projects for current consumption, with little or no concern given to having to pay it off. Our fiat monetary system, with limitless fractional reserve banking made possible by low reserve requirements and a general lack of prudence by our questionable Federal Reserve establishment, played a significant role in creating the initial imbalance.

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